NCAA Hit with Nine College Football Concussion Class Actions in Indiana On the Same Day [UPDATE: ADDITIONAL LAWSUITS FILED]

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Update: A number of additional proposed class action lawsuits have been filed against the NCAA in Indiana federal court over college football concussion injuries. Those complaints have been added to the list below and can be searched in our database. We'll continue to update this page as the cases come in.

The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and several colleges and universities have been hit with a number of proposed class action lawsuits in Indiana federal court that allege the organizations for years hid knowledge of the debilitating effects of repeated brain trauma to “protect the very profitable business of ‘amateur’ college football.”

The lawsuits, some of which name as a defendant the plaintiff's former school, respectively look to represent individuals who played football for the following institutions at any time between 1952 and 2010: 

• University of Akron (McCann v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• University of North Alabama (Green v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• North Carolina Central University (Hillie v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• New Mexico Highlands University (Allen v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Louisiana Tech University (Crow v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Bowie State University (Conway v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• University of Northern Iowa (Williams v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Savannah State University (Thompson v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Western Illinois University (Lacy v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• University of Wyoming (Geist v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
  
• University of Massachusetts (Ferrara v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Ramapo College of New Jersey (Kuehne v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Sam Houston State University (Dziuk v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Virginia State University (Nowell v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• North Carolina State University (Shamsid-Deen v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Arkansas Tech University (Samuel v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• University of Missouri (Gage v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• University of Washington (Ellis v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• California State University, Fresno (Kaaekuahiwi v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Youngstown State University (Bartos v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• University of San Diego (Keo v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Troy University (Walls v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo (Wilson v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• University of Tennessee at Chattanooga (Thornton v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Kean University (McGuirl v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• University of Connecticut (Dupree v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• San Jose State University (Moon v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Valdosta State University (Vickers v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• University of Wisconsin (Lewis v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Angelo State University (Butler v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Lamar University (Seals v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Alabama State University (Ashby v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Southern Connecticut State University (Sawyer v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• University of Central Arkansas (Thomas v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• University of North Carolina, Pembroke (Houghton v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Fort Valley State University (Stinyard v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Missouri University of Science and Technology (Cooke v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Southwestern Oklahoma State University (Willis v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Salisbury University (Kershaw v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Iona College (Rizzo v. National Collegiate Athletic Association et al.)
• University of Southern California (Ayles v. National Collegiate Athletic Association et al.)
• Robert Morris University (Delts v. National Collegiate Athletic Association et al.)
• Curry College (Sunday v. National Collegiate Athletic Association et al.)
  
• Miles College (Drake v. National Collegiate Athletic Association et al.)
• Johns Hopkins University (McCormick v. National Collegiate Athletic Association et al.)
• Lehigh University (Newbern v. National Collegiate Athletic Association et al.)
• McMurry University (Scott v. National Collegiate Athletic Association et al.)
• Quincy University (Shadwick v. National Collegiate Athletic Association et al.)
• West Virginia State University (Phillips v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Western New England University (Hurd v. National Collegiate Athletic Association et al.)
• West Virginia University (Wilson v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Albright College (Benditt v. National Collegiate Athletic Association et al.)
• University of Findlay (Kunzelman v. National Collegiate Athletic Association et al.)
• Guilford College (Wilson v. National Collegiate Athletic Association et al.)
• Maryville College (McCall v. National Collegiate Athletic Association et al.)
• Thomas More University (Crowe v. National Collegiate Athletic Association et al.)
• University of Nebraska at Omaha (Keck v. National Collegiate Athletic Association et al.)
• Duquesne University (Lucot v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• California State University, Sacramento (Hoffman v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Rowan University (Avery v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Marist College (Pierce v. National Collegiate Athletic Association et al.)
• Delta State University (Davis-Moab v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Middle Tennessee State University (Presley v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• University of Wisconsin, Madison (Megna v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
  
• The College of New Jersey (Woods v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Saginaw Valley State University (Davis v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Colorado State University, Pueblo (Webster v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• San Francisco State University (Hailey v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• University of Alabama at Birmingham (Drake v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Appalachian State University (Slack v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• University of New Mexico (Clewis v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Virginia Military Institute (Reedy v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• New Mexico State University (Federico v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• University of Northern Iowa (Williams v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Mississippi Valley State University (Roberts v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Western New Mexico University (Moor v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• University of Central Florida (Dovale v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Southern Illinois University (Kimble v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• University of Arkansas (Battle v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• University of Delaware (Randolph v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Southwest Minnesota State University (Wagner v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Michigan State University (Dance v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Worcester Polytechnic Institute (Robert v. National Collegiate Athletic Association et al.)
  
• Fairleigh Dickinson University (Jones v. National Collegiate Athletic Association et al.)
• University of Montana (Johnson v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• University of Rhode Island (Fontaine v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Marshall University (Moravec v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Southwest Baptist University (Sepanksi v. National Collegiate Athletic Association et al.)
• United States Naval Academy (Merchant v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Northern Arizona University (Abdulrahman v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Prairie View A&M University (Campbell v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Central College (Martin v. National Collegiate Athletic Association et al.)
• University of La Verne (MacLellan v. National Collegiate Athletic Association et al.)
• Jackson State University (Wilson v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• California State University, Long Beach (Caylor v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Northern Michigan University (Montgomery v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Clemson University (Fox v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Furman University (Adams v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Minnesota State University, Moorhead (Chuinard v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Fordham University (Foley v. National Collegiate Athletic Association et al.)
  
• Fort Lewis College (Porras v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• University of Nevada, Reno (Helu v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Shippensburg University of Pennsylvania (Mileto v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• La Salle University (Jackson v. National Collegiate Athletic Association et al.)
• Ripon College (Wertz v. National Collegiate Athletic Association et al.)
• Wingate University (Harris v. National Collegiate Athletic Association et al.)
• Coe College (Oliver v. National Collegiate Athletic Association et al.)
• Northwood University (Martin v. National Collegiate Athletic Association et al.)
• Illinois College (Schroeder v. National Collegiate Athletic Association et al.)
• Salve Regina University (Brown v. National Collegiate Athletic Association et al.)
• Texas Lutheran University (Cuevas v. National Collegiate Athletic Association et al.)
• Hiram College (Medley v. National Collegiate Athletic Association et al.)
• Wabash College (Rickenbach v. National Collegiate Athletic Association et al.)
• Gettysburg College (Shoenfelt v. National Collegiate Athletic Association et al.)
• Hamline University (Rasmussen v. National Collegiate Athletic Association et al.)
• Millsaps College (Lumpkin v. National Collegiate Athletic Association et al.)
• New York Institute of Technology (Smith v. National Collegiate Athletic Association et al.)
• Newberry College (King v. National Collegiate Athletic Association et al.)
• Saint Francis University (Caviggia v. National Collegiate Athletic Association et al.)
• Lane College (Davis v. National Collegiate Athletic Association et al.)
  
• Elon University (Page v. National Collegiate Athletic Association et al.)
• Cornell College (Pfeifer v. National Collegiate Athletic Association et al.)
• Knoxville College (Hearn v. National Collegiate Athletic Association et al.)
• University of Indianapolis (Simons v. National Collegiate Athletic Association et al.)
• Abilene Christian University (Van Druten v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology (Havill v. National Collegiate Athletic Association et al.)
• Cornell University (Booker v. National Collegiate Athletic Association et al.)
• Northeastern University (Kives v. National Collegiate Athletic Association et al.)
• William Marsh Rice University (Thompson v. National Collegiate Athletic Association et al.)
• Winston-Salem State University (Holloway v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• California Lutheran University (Hanson v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Bryant University (Ruo v. National Collegiate Athletic Association et al.)
• Central State University (Horton v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• University of Arizona (Jensen v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Miami University of Ohio (Keith v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Ohio Wesleyan University (Wasil v. National Collegiate Athletic Association et al.)
• University of North Texas (Moore v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Florida International University (Alvarez v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Lafayette College (Van Doren v. National Collegiate Athletic Association et al.)
• University of Buffalo (Lott v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Central Michigan University (Staten v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Louisiana State University (Hurst v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
  
• California State University, Fullerton (Johnson v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Thiel College (McKinney v. National Collegiate Athletic Association et al.)
• Baldwin Wallace University (Perry v. National Collegiate Athletic Association et al.)
• Charleston Southern University (Stroud v. National Collegiate Athletic Association et al.)
• Northern Illinois University (Koronkiewicz v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Howard University (Owens v. National Collegiate Athletic Association et al.)
• Austin College (Stowe v. National Collegiate Athletic Association et al.)
• Mississippi College (Alderman v. National Collegiate Athletic Association et al.)
• University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff (Moore v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• University of Wisconsin, Oshkosh (Swanson v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• University of Wisconsin, La Crosse (Thompson v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Wagner College (Crawford v. National Collegiate Athletic Association et al.)
• Lenoir-Rhyne University (Duda v. National Collegiate Athletic Association et al.)
• William Penn University (Purdie v. National Collegiate Athletic Association et al.)
• Concordia University (Schultz v. National Collegiate Athletic Association et al.)
• Canisius College (Elliott v. National Collegiate Athletic Association et al.)
• Kutztown University of Pennsylvania (McMonigle v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Texas A&M University (Young v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Utah State University (Watts v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Millersville University of Pennsylvania (Udovich v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• California State University, Chico (Fahy v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Mercyhurst University (Smith v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• University of Massachusetts, Amherst (Lauback v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Florida Atlantic University (Bradwell v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
  
• Howard Payne University (Kidd v. National Collegiate Athletic Association et al.)
• Alcorn State University (Markham v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Jacksonville State University (Freeman v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Eastern Washington University (Jarmon v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• University of Hawaii at Manoa (Garland v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Morehouse College (Brown v. National Collegiate Athletic Association et al.)
• Fisk University (Taylor v. National Collegiate Athletic Association et al.)
• Hobart and William Smith Colleges (Barna v. National Collegiate Athletic Association et al.)
• Arizona State University (Kimbrough v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Western Carolina University (Rycroft v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Hofstra University (Thorne v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• University of Evansville (Grizzel v. National Collegiate Athletic Association et al.)
• Baylor University (Pegross v. National Collegiate Athletic Association et al.)
• Samford University (Hawkins v. National Collegiate Athletic Association et al.)
• Minnesota State University, Mankato (Eischens v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Northwestern State University (Freeman v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• University of Texas at Arlington (Ritenour v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Missouri Western State University (Warner v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Clark Atlanta University (Simmons v. National Collegiate Athletic Association et al.)
• Wichita State University (Blunt v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• University of Oklahoma (Mackey v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Morgan State University (Gholson v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Eastern Kentucky University (Caldwell v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• University of New Hampshire (Flamish v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Western Washington University (Briggs v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Missouri Southern State University (Tabb v. National Collegiate Athletic Association) 
• Morehead State University (Whitehead v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Washington State University (Pinkney v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
  
• University of Toledo (Milburn v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• South Carolina State University (Chambliss v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Sul Ross University (Kunkle v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Millikin University (Booker v. National Collegiate Athletic Association et al.)
• Grambling State University (Brantley v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Central Connecticut State University (Hayes v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Northwestern Missouri State University (Rhodes v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• The Catholic University of America (Clement v. National Collegiate Athletic Association et al.)
• Chowan University (Randall v. National Collegiate Athletic Association et al.)
• Mount St. Joseph University (Georg v. National Collegiate Athletic Association et al.)
• Montclair State University (McGregor v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Muskingum University (Williamson v. National Collegiate Athletic Association et al.)
• Alabama A&M University (Doss v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Fort Hays State University (Watson v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Tennessee State University (Fletcher v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Carthage College (Charles v. National Collegiate Athletic Association et al.)
• Gardner-Webb University (Conn v. National Collegiate Athletic Association et al.)
• State University of New York at Cortland (Whalen v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Virginia Union University (Pledger v. National Collegiate Athletic Association et al.)
• State University of New York, Morrisville (Johnson v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
  
• Ithaca College (Escoffery v. National Collegiate Athletic Association et al.)
• University of North Dakota (Helminiak v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Concord University (Williams v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• University of Nebraska-Lincoln (Taylor v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Indiana University, Bloomington (Kerns v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• University of Texas at Austin (Sweed v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (Stroughter v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Glenville State College (Drake v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• University of Richmond (Schmitz v. National Collegiate Athletic Association et al.)
• Temple University (Brown v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
  
• Hampton University (Curry v. National Collegiate Athletic Association et al.)
• West Alabama University (Graham v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• University of Cincinnati (Stewart v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• University of South Florida (Busbee v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Ohio University (Feldman v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Fayetteville State University (Harley v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Oregon State University (Von Hopkins Murray v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• C.W. Post Campus of Long Island University (Porcelli v. National Collegiate Athletic Association et al.)
• Louisiana Tech University (Crow v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Cameron University (Mack v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Florida State University (Flasher v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
  
• North Carolina A&T State University (Lett v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Wilkes University (Pacchioni v. National Collegiate Athletic Association et al.)
• Butler University (Gray v. National Collegiate Athletic Association et al.)
• University of West Georgia (Johnson v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• University of Arkansas, Monticello (Ashley v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Elizabeth City State University (Jones v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Chadron State College (Leammon v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Catawba College (Talley v. National Collegiate Athletic Association et al.)
• Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Jones v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Bloomsburg University of Pennsylvania (Solomon-Jett v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Wayne State University (Aldrich v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Lawrence University of Wisconsin (Kloes v. National Collegiate Athletic Association et al.)
• University of Southern Mississippi (Rodgers et al v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Bowling Green state University (Glaud v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• East Texas Baptist University (Garay v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Baylor University (Phipps v. National Collegiate Athletic Association et al.)
• St. Cloud State University (Niemi v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Tennessee Technological University (DiValentino v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
• Liberty University (Council et al. v. National Collegiate Athletic Association et al.)
• Saint Peter’s University (Akinbiyi v. National Collegiate Athletic Association et al.)
• Colorado State University (Jones v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
  
• Illinois State University (Atkins v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)
  
• Southern Methodist University (Jefferson v. National Collegiate Athletic Association et al.)
• Tulane University (Carney v. National Collegiate Athletic Association)

Each lawsuit alleges the NCAA breached its duties to student athletes, who the cases say relied upon the governing body’s “authority and guidance” to protect and prevent against head injuries and their aftereffects. For decades, and up until 2010, according to the suits, the NCAA knew that severe, repeated head impacts can cause long-term brain injuries, such as dementia, depression, and chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). Despite its knowledge of the dangers of concussive and sub-concussive injuries, the NCAA, the lawsuits allege, “recklessly ignored these facts” and did nothing to put in place reasonable concussion management protocols.

In 2010, the NCAA implemented what the complaints describe as a “flawed” policy that required student athletes to sign a statement in which they accept responsibility for reporting head injuries, and their signs and symptoms, to medical staff. The lawsuits argue, however, that the NCAA’s about-face with regard to concussions was too little too late in that “athletes suffering concussive injuries are in no position to police themselves or give informed consent about whether to continue playing.”